Constipation refers to infrequent, hard, or difficult bowel movements. It is common and can often be positively influenced by diet, fluid intake, and physical activity. Most of the time, there is no serious underlying cause, but rather an interplay of lifestyle habits.
Possible causes
Low-fibre diet
Insufficient vegetables, fruits, and whole grain products make stool firmer. Fibre binds water and keeps digestion moving.
Insufficient fluid and physical activity
Those who drink little or move little slow down bowel activity. Both together promote hard stool.
Changed habits
Travel, a new daily routine, or suppressing the urge to have a bowel movement can disrupt bowel rhythm. Stress also plays a role.
Typical steps at the doctor's office
- 1During the consultation, your bowel habits, diet, fluid intake, and physical activity will be discussed.
- 2Your abdomen will be examined to assess the symptoms and evaluate bowel activity.
- 3If constipation persists or has recently developed, further investigation may be appropriate.
What you can do yourself
- Eat a high-fibre diet, such as whole grain products, vegetables, fruits, and legumes.
- Drink sufficient fluids throughout the day to keep your stool soft.
- Incorporate regular physical activity into your daily routine to stimulate bowel activity.
- Respond to the urge to have a bowel movement promptly and allow yourself a calm, regular time for using the toilet.
Sudden absence of bowel movements together with severe abdominal pain and vomiting is an emergency (possible bowel obstruction). Blood in the stool, unintentional weight loss, or newly occurring constipation from age 50 onwards should be assessed promptly. If constipation persists despite adjusted diet and exercise, an assessment by the family doctor or in gastroenterology is advisable. A change in usual bowel habits lasting several weeks should also be discussed.
Frequently asked questions
- How much fibre do I need?
- A varied diet with vegetables, fruits, and whole grains usually covers your needs well. Increase the amount gradually and drink sufficient fluids alongside.
- Does physical activity really help with constipation?
- Yes, regular physical activity stimulates bowel activity and can noticeably support digestion.
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