Sinusitis presents with pressure and pain in the face, a blocked nose and a reduced sense of smell. It often develops from a cold. In most cases, the symptoms improve within one to two weeks. Nasal care, drinking enough fluids and patience are often the most important companions.
Possible causes
Viral infection
The inflammation usually follows a cold. The mucous membranes swell and drainage from the sinuses is obstructed.
Bacterial inflammation
Less commonly, bacteria also settle in, which can prolong or intensify symptoms.
Narrowed drainage pathways
A deviated nasal septum or polyps can permanently impede drainage and promote inflammation.
Allergies
Allergy-related swelling of the mucous membranes can disrupt ventilation of the sinuses.
Typical steps at the doctor's office
- 1The doctor examines your nose and face and asks about the course of your symptoms.
- 2For persistent or recurrent symptoms, a nasal endoscopy or imaging may be added.
- 3Treatment aims to reduce swelling of the mucous membranes and enable free drainage, and is based on the underlying cause.
What you can do yourself
- Nasal irrigation or sprays with saline solution can be tried; however, the benefit is only supported to a limited extent. Moist, warm air — for example after showering or with a humidifier — is felt to be pleasant by many; there is no proven benefit. Bowls with very hot water are not advisable because of the risk of scalding, especially in children.
- Drink plenty of fluids to keep mucus thin.
- Ensure adequate rest and elevate your head slightly when sleeping.
Swelling or redness around the eye, visual disturbances, high fever, severe headache, or neck stiffness require immediate attention at the emergency department — these can indicate a spreading of the inflammation (144). If symptoms persist for longer than about ten days, recur frequently, or clearly worsen, further assessment is advisable. The responsible points of contact are the general practitioner's office or an ENT practice.
Frequently asked questions
- How long does sinusitis last?
- Symptoms usually improve within one to two weeks. If they persist longer, an examination is advisable.
- Do nasal rinses help?
- Many people find rinses with saline solution pleasant and cleansing. They complement other nasal care measures.
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